Yazarlara Açıklamalar

Article Preparation Rules

Articles should be written in Turkish or English.
The article text should be written in MS-Word program.
The text should be written on A4 paper (210 x 297 mm), with page margins 2.5 cm from the left, right, bottom and top, with 1.5 line spacing, Times News Roman font and 12 font size.
There should be no spaces at the beginning of the lines.
A line space should be left between paragraphs.
The text should be aligned on both sides.
The page number should be written on the bottom right except the cover page; line numbers should be provided on each page provided that they are restarted while preparing the text.
Abbreviations to be used in the works should be as internationally accepted.
An abbreviation can be made for the names specific to the study subject of the article, which are frequently repeated in the text and consist of many words. The name to be abbreviated should be clearly written where it is first used and its abbreviated form should be indicated in parentheses. For later uses, only the abbreviated version should be used. Abbreviations should be avoided as much as possible in the title and abstract sections.
A comma in the Turkish text and a dot in the English text should be used as the decimal separator for the decimal numbers.
When writing percentage signs, there is no space between the numbers and the sign. Example: 25%
Numerical expressions are given as words unless there is an obligation when starting sentences. Example: 26of the forty-five samples………
In the general use of the text, a space should be placed before the parenthesis.
The number of units is indicated in words, not numbers. Example: Not 2 each
Numbers consisting of more than one word are written separately. Example: three hundred sixty five
All of the titles in the article should be written in bold letters with the headings on the left. Title and subtitles should be given without number. It should be as short as possible. In first level titles, the first letters of all words should be written in capital letters. Second and third level titles should only have the initial letter of the first word capitalized; third level titles should be italicized. The fourth level title should not be used.
Dark fonts (bold) or double quotes (“) should not be used for the parts that should be emphasized in the text, but italics (italics) should be used instead.
Latin names should be written in italics.
Unless there is a necessity, the articles should be written in "past tense passive" mode.
All dimensions must be given according to SI (Systeme International).
In statistical analyses, (for example,should be (for example,and italics, with P left scattered (for example, P <0.05).
The number of pages should not be less than 5 and more than 12 except for sources (The number of pages can be increased after the approval of the editorial board in large articles).
All images that cannot be written in the printing character such as photographs, pictures, graphics, maps, diagrams, drawings etc. used in the text should be used with the name of the figure.
If any, the charts and figures should be numbered in the order of use; they should have a short and descriptive title. Table and figure titles should be included in the upper part of the table and figure. The chart and shape number (flat and dark) are written first, leaning to the left. There should not be a period at the end. Headings should be placed in a separate line below the chart and figure number. In the titles, the first letter of the first word should be italicized so that it is uppercase and the others are small; bold letters should not be used. The total number of tables and figures should not exceed 10.
The headings in the chart should be flat and only the initial letter of the first word should be capitalized. Abbreviations used and necessary explanations should be given under the chart and figure.
In the charts, the size of the font can be reduced if necessary, but it should not be smaller than 9 points.
There should be no vertical lines in the charts and as few horizontal lines as possible should be used.
While preparing the charts, the same or similar data should not be presented in more than one chart, and the data that can be summarized in 1-2 sentences should not be included in the chart. It should be designed in such a way that it does not exceed one page as much as possible.
If any text is included in the figure, it is recommended to use a Sans Serif font with a font size between 8 and 14 points. If extra information is required to make the data in the figure more understandable, this information should be added under the figure.
In the tables and figures cited from another source (not produced from the work done), the source should be referenced at the end of the table and figure title; it should be included in the bibliography list.
The charts and figures used in the article should be referenced in the text. While citing, chart/figure numbers should be used instead of expressions such as "above/below" or "in the chart/figure on page X", as in the example of "According to the data in Chart/Figure 2...", taking into account the page changes and shifts that may occur during the string.
Footnotes should not be used to refer to the source in the text. The in-text citation method should be used instead of footnotes.
In the citations given at the end of the sentence, the point should be placed after the citation parenthesis.

The articles to be sent to the journal should consist of “Cover page”, “Main Text” and “Appendix” sections when necessary.

Cover Page

The cover page should contain the title of the article, the information of the authors (the authors should be written one under the other in order, the institution, e-mail address and ORCID number of each author should be specified below); the name and contact information of the author responsible for the correspondence should be specified separately. Master's and doctoral students must specify the university, institute and department they are studying at. The study should be indicated on this page if it has previously been presented as a paper at a congress or symposium or if it has been produced from the master's or doctoral thesis of one of the authors.

Main Text

"Title", "Abstract", "Keywords", "Introduction", "Method", "Findings", "Discussion", "Conclusion" and "Bibliography" sections must be included in original research articles based on scientific research. When necessary, the Findings and Discussion sections can be combined (Findings and Discussion).

In the review articles containing new and up-to-date information about the field written for purposes such as defining a specific subject, outlining it, and emphasizing the gaps in the literature, the subject is detailed in main and subheadings after the "Introduction" section. The "Conclusion" section must be included in the review articles. The sources examined in the review articles should be predominantly from the last 5 years. In the review studies, "a good screening, an impartial evaluation, a certain analysis and synthesis" are required.

Title: It should be clear and understandable to express the subject of the article; it should be written in 14 font size; it should not exceed 12 words. For words other than conjunctions, only the first letter must be uppercase. The entire title should be written in bold.

Abstract: In works prepared in Turkish, the Turkish title and abstract should be written first, followed by the English title and abstract of the article. In the works prepared in English, there is no Turkish title and essence obligation. The fact to consider when preparing is to ensure that the reader can have a general idea of the content of the article by reading the abstract. The essence of the research articles should include the necessary details (purpose, material and method, findings and conclusion) and reflect the study. In the abstract sections, the number of words should not be less than 100, should not exceed 200; there should be no reference to sources, figures and charts.

Keywords: Keywords directly related to the study, the number of which can vary between 4-6, should be written under one line of Turkish and English abstracts. Keywords are important for the article to be easily found in search engines and to reach the target audience easily. Instead of the words in the title of the article, alternative words should be produced as much as possible and should be formed from the words that complete the title. Synonyms or similar words in the title can also be used as keywords. Keywords should be written in italics with small letters (the first letter of the first keyword should be capitalized) and a comma should be placed between them.

Introduction: In this section, studies and publications on the subject are examined and associated in a way that reveals the reason and importance of the study. The “Introduction” section should show that there is an information gap in the topic you are investigating and that your article is an article that tries to address this information gap. The main purpose of the "Introduction" section is to provide the researcher with preliminary information about the subject or problem related to the prepared publication. Avoid overly detailed and unnecessary sentences when presenting this preliminary information. It should be noted that the "Introduction" part of the article should not be less than half a page or more than one page. The purpose of the study should be written at the end of the chapter.

Method: The method(s) used in the article, including statistical analysis, should be given in detail with reference to appropriate references using subheadings if necessary. It may be sufficient to provide a brief explanation for known, accepted methods. It should be stated in the article whether permission of the Ethics Committee and/or legal/special permission is required. If it is necessary to obtain these permits, it should be clearly presented from which institution, on which date and with which decision or number the permit was obtained.

Findings: In research articles, the data obtained in the study should be presented in a short, regular and understandable manner. Chart and shape data should not be repeated in the text, important points should be emphasized.

Discussion: The findings obtained in the study are compared with the findings of other studies, similarities and discrepancies are interpreted, and unclear points are stated. However, speculative comments should be avoided. In this section, it should be stated how the study contributes to science and the original parts of the study should be emphasized.

Conclusion: The conclusions reached based on the research and examination data should be written clearly and concisely; the purpose of the study should be consistent; suggestions, if any, should be stated. Reference should not be made to other sources.

Acknowledgements: The authors can state their letters of appreciation to the supporting institutions and/or individuals who have contributed to their work.

References

In AYDIN GASTRONOMY magazine, APA 7 style has been used in the reference system and bibliography editing since 2023/JULY.

All sources used should be written in alphabetical order according to the initials of the first author's surname.
Author names and publication year should be written in bold in the list of references.
A space should be used between the initials of the author names. Example: Hafez, A. A.
If the bibliography has many sources of the same author, the sources are written in order from the past to the new date.
All authors should be included in the tag in studies up to twenty authors. In the case of twenty-one or more authors, it is sufficient to list the names of the first 19 authors followed by the last author. “…” is added before the last author.

Example: Carpten, J. D., … Weiva, S. (2016).

Sorting by letter is made in the sources belonging to the same author with the same date.

Examples:

Lopesi, L. (2018a). Beyond ………

Lopesi, L. (2018b). False divides …………..

If there are different authors in some of the multiple works of the same author, regardless of the year of publication, the publication made by the author alone is written first. In others, alphabetical order is made according to the surname of the second author. If the second authors are the same, they are sorted according to the surname of the third author.
From the authors of the same surname, the first letter of the name is indicated first in the bibliography that comes first alphabetically even if this person’s publication is older.
If there is a hyphen in the name of the author, the hyphen should be left as it.

For example: Jean-Baptise Lamour, in bibliography Lamour, J.-B. (2018)…..

If a group/legal entity (associations, companies, government agencies, etc.) is expressed as the author, the name information of this group should be given clearly; no abbreviation should be made.
The date of the number of volumes is used if an article is cited, the copyright date if a book is cited, the copyright date if a website is cited, or the date when the content was last updated. Creation date or modification date is written in web documents (pdf, word, etc.). If the date information cannot be reached, the abbreviation (n.d.) should be written in the date section in Turkish studies (t.y) and in English studies (n.d.) in the sense of no date in parentheses.
Journal names should be clearly written without abbreviations.
Long hyphens, not dashes, should be used for page ranges (to add a long hyphen in Microsoft Word, press the “-“ sign on the numeric keypad together with the Control key). There should be no spaces before and after the dash. Example: 21-27.
A URL must be included for resources retrieved from the Internet (except for academic journal articles and books retrieved from a database). The URL should link directly to the specified page whenever possible. The link must be active for the reader to click on the source online.
If the online source is shown, a link starting with http://should be written instead of "DOI:" and "Access address:".

References should be written as follows:

If the source is an article published in a scientific journal

The surnames of the author(s), the first letters of their names, the year of publication, the name of the article, the full name of the journal written in italics, the volume, the number and the starting and ending page numbers should be written. The number of journal volumes should be italicized but the number should be flat in parentheses. Page range is given by putting a comma after the number. It is not italicized and a period is set at the end. In some publications, the article number is given instead of the working page range. In this case, the number of the article is written in the page range section. DOI or URL information, if any, is given at the end. DOI address must be formatted as URL.

Examples

Hafez, A. A. (2012). Physico-chemical and sensory properties of cakes supplemented with different concentration of marjoram. Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(13), 463–470.

Bordin, K., Kunitake, M. T., Aracava, K. K., Trindade, C. S. F. (2013). Changes in food caused by deep fat frying- A review. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion, 63, 5–13.

Wan, J., Cao, A., Cai, L. (2019). Effects of vacuum or sous-vide cooking methods on the quality of large mouthbass (Micropterus salmodies). International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 18, 100181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2019.100181

Dilkes-Frayne, E., Savic, M., Carter, A., Kakanovic, R., Lubman, D. I. (2019). Going online: The affordances of online counseling for families affected by alcohol and other drug issues. Qualitative Health Research, 29(14), 2010–2022. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732319838231

Bostan, K., Ünver Alçay, A., Yalçın, S., Eren Vapur, U., Nizamlıoğlu, M. (2017). Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional cone yoghurt. Food Science and Biotechnology, 26(6), 1625–1632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-017-0222-z

Prathikanti, S., Rivera, R., Cochran, A., Tungol, J. G., Fayazmanesh, N., Weinmann, E. (2017). Treating major depression with yoga: A prospective, randomized, controlled pilot trial. PLoS ONE, 12(3), e0173869. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173869

Erbil, S., Tümerdem, Y., Kıyak, M., Hacıoğlu, S. (2001). İstanbul Küçükçekmece ilçesinde fırınların hijyenik yönden değerlendirilmesi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 58(3), 93–96. https://jag.journalagent.com/turkhijyen/pdfs/THDBD_58_3_93_96.pdf

If the articles in English are referred to an article whose original language is Turkish, the name of the article should be given in square brackets with the English equivalent, if any.

Sample

Muştu, Ç. (2020). Yiyecek ve içecek işletmelerinde ozon uygulamaları [Ozone applications in the food beverage enterprises]. AYDIN GASTRONOMY, 4(1), 45–53

If there is no volume number, the number is given in parentheses after the journal name in the same way.

Sample

Stegmeir, M. (2016). Climate change: New discipline practices promote college access. The Journal of College Admission, (231), 44–47.

If the reference is a book

Authors' surnames and the first letter of their names should be written. Subsequently, the year of publication of the book, the name of the book (except for proper names, only the first letter must be capitalized and italicized) and the publishing house or organization (the first letters must be capitalized) must be specified respectively. Simply typing in the name of the publisher is sufficient, and there is no need for residential information such as city, state, or country.

Examples:

Lawless, H. T., Heymann, H. (2010). Sensory evaluation of food-principles and practice. Springer.

Jackson, S. L. (2015). Research methods: A modular approach (3rd ed.). Cengage.

Moses, J. W., Knutsen, T. L. (2019). Ways of knowing: Competing methodologies in social and political research (3rd ed.). Red Globe Press.

Toussaint-Samat, M. (2008). A history of food. Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444305135

While a book with an editor is itself referenced, it is written in parentheses (Ed.) after the author's name.

Timothy, D. J. (Ed.). (2018). Heritage cuisines: Traditions, identities and tourism. Routledge

Altuğ, T. (Ed.). (2009). Gıda katkı maddeleri (3. baskı). Sidas.

If the source is a chapter from the book, the name of the chapter, the name of the book from which the chapter is taken, if necessary, additional information (such as volume number, number of editions, page range), publishing house or organization should be written after the name of the chapter authors, respectively. An additional information that should be given after the title is written in parentheses. There is no point between the title and this additional information. Additional information and abbreviations should be in the language in which the article is written. In book chapters with editors, the name of the editor is written after the name of the chapter. When writing the names of the editors, first the initial of the name and then the surname are written. After the last name of the editor, the abbreviation "Ed." is written in parentheses (in case of more than one editor, the abbreviation "Eds." is used in articles written in English). In articles prepared in Turkish, the word "içinde" is written after the book name; in articles prepared in English, the word "In" is written before the book name (before the editor in edited books).

Examples:

Luck, S. J. (2014). A broad overview of the event-related potential technique. In An introduction to event related potential technique (2nd ed., pp.1–34). The MIT Press.

Erol, İ. (2007). Hayvansal gıdalardan kaynaklanan sağlık riskleri. Gıda hijyeni ve mikrobiyolojisi (s. 37–47) içinde. Pozitif Matbaacılık.

Li-Chan, E. C. Y., Kim, H. O. (2008). Structure and chemical composition of eggs. In Y. Mine (Ed.), Egg bioscience and biotechnology (pp. 1–96). John Wiley and Sons.

Aktay, S. (2015). Teknoloji destekli fen bilimleri öğretimi. Ş. S. Anagün, N. Duban (Ed.), Fen bilimleri öğretimi içinde (s. 425–454). Anı Yayıncılık.

Hedberg, C. W. (2019). Epidemiology of foodborne illnesses. In M.P. Doyle, F. Diez-Gonzalez and C. Hill (Eds.), Food microbiology: Fundamentals and frontiers (pp. 207–224). ASM Press.

Sharma, R., Mehta, M., Dhawan, A. (2015). Treatment of substance-abusing adolescents. In M. Mehta, R. Sagar (Eds.), A practical approach to cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents (pp. 331–361). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2241-5_16

The name of the translator in the translated books is given immediately after the article/book title and in parentheses. The first letter of the translator's name, followed by his/her surname is written and a comma is placed, and in the articles prepared in Turkish, "Çev." In articles prepared in English, "trans." is written. In the translation books, if it is known in parentheses at the end of the tag, the date of publication of the original work and the number of editions (in the language in which the article was written) are written. When it comes to the chapter in the translation book, the order should be the surname of the chapter author of the original book, the initial letter of the name, the year, the name of the book chapter, the initial letter of the editor's name, the surname (Ed.), the first letter of the translator's name, the surname (Trans.), the name of the book (number of editions, page range), and the publisher.

Examples:

Pichhardt, K. (2004). Gıda mikrobiyolojisi (Y. Sekin, N. Karagözlü, Çev.). Literatür Yayıncılık. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1998, 1. baskı).

Ciccarelli, S.K., White, J. N. (2016). Duyum ve algı. D. N. Şahin (Çev. Ed.), A. Kapucu (Çev). Psikoloji: Bir keşif gezintisi içinde (2. baskı, s. 88-129). Nobel Tıp Kitabevi. (Orijinal eserin yayın tarihi 2015, 3. baskı).

E-books should also be listed in the same format as printed books. Database information is not required for e-books. There is no need to specify the electronic format or device type. Publisher information must be added. If available, DOI or non-database URL information should be included. Without the statement "Access address:", the direct link should be given.

Examples:

Aron, L., Botella, M., Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: Talent and their development. In R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent (pp. 345–359). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016

Fiske, S. T., Gilbert, D. T., Lindzey, G. (2010). Handbook of social psychology (5th ed., Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470561119

Lessig, L. (2011). Republic, lost: How money corrupts – and a plan to stop it. Twelve. https://lesterland.lessig.org/pdf/republic-lost.pdf

If the reference is a paper presented at a scientific meeting

In the papers, after the surname and initials of the authors, the date of the meeting, the title of the paper (in italics), the type of presentation in square brackets (oral presentation, poster presentation, etc.), the name of the meeting, the place of the meeting are written in order. URL, if any, is added.

Sample

Muştu, Ç., Bostan, K. (2020, 17-19 Eylül). Nevruz geleneğinin Türk mutfağına yansıması ve Uğut tatlısı [Sözlü sunum]. Uluslararası Aşçı Dede Ateşbaz-ı Veli Sempozyumu, Konya

Bingöl, E. B., Bostan, K., Varlık, C. (2014, October 29-30). Effects of chitosan treatment and antimelanogenesis agents on discoloriation of chilled and frozen stored shrimp (Parapenaus longirostris) [Poster presentation]. Food Analysis Congress, Barcelona, Spain.

Mason, I., Missingham, R. (2019, October 21–25). Research libraries, data curation, and workflows [Paper presentation]. eResearch Australasia Conference, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. https://bit.ly/2v1CjRg

Craig, S. (2019, April 10–14). The cultural importance of obsidian in the upper Gila area [Poster presentation]. Society for American Archaeology, Albuquerque, NM, United States. https://www.archaeologysouthwest.org/free-resources/conference-posters/

If the paper is published in a journal, it is shown as an article in the bibliography. The format of the papers published as a paper book is the same as the edited book chapters.

Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 116(47), 23499–23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116

Bedenel, A.-L., Jourdan, L., Biernacki, C. (2019). Probability estimation by an adapted genetic algorithm in web insurance. In R. Battiti, M. Brunato, I. Kotsireas and P. Pardalos (Eds.), Learning and Intelligent Optimization (pp. 225–240). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05348-2_2

Yılmaz, H., Yalçın, E., Demiral, Y. M. (2017, December 7-9). The effects of music on restaurant custumers: A descriptive study. In B. Öztürk, T. Bucak (Eds.), 3rd International Gastronomic Turism Congress Proceedings Book (pp. 124–139). İzfaş.

Edge, M. (1996). Lifetime prediction: Fact or fancy? In M. S. Koch, T. Padfield, J. S. Johnsen, U. B. Kejser (Eds.), Proceedings of the Conference on Research Techniques in Photographic Conservation (pp. 97-100). Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts.

Üçok, G., Demir, M. K., Kılınç, M. (2015, 28-30 Nisan). Yulaf kepeği ikamesinin kek özelliklerine etkisi. N, Aktaş, K.E. Gerçekaslan (Ed.), İç Anadolu Bölgesi 2. Tarım ve Gıda Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı içinde (s.377). Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi.

If the reference is a thesis

Unpublished theses (where the printed version of the thesis is obtained from the author or the university): The first letter of the surname and name of the person writing the thesis, the year, the title of the thesis (only the first letter is uppercase, in italics), the type of thesis in square brackets (stating that it has not been published), the university (without abbreviation, the first letters are uppercase) are written in order.

Examples:

Saraç, Y. (2015). İstanbul’da satışa sunulan içme sütlerinde antibiyotik kalıntı düzeyleri üzerine bir araştırma [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi.

Stewart, Y. (2000). Dressing the tarot [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Auckland University of Technology.

Lim, A. L. (2020). Spatial cognitive implications of user interfaces in virtual reality and route guidance [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Iowa State University.

When a thesis is quoted in a database, the first letter of the surname and name of the person who wrote the thesis, the year, the title of the thesis (only the first letter is uppercase, in italics), the publication number (in parentheses), the type of the thesis and the university (in square brackets), the name of the database are written respectively. URL or DOI are not included.

Ford, L. (2015). The use of experiential acceptance in psychotherapy with emerging adults (Publication No. 3731118) [Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Kian Pour, N. (2019). Elmanın kuruma kinetiğinin incelenmesi (Tez no. 563809) [Doktora tezi, İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.

The format is different for citing a thesis or dissertation published in a university archive (usually in PDF format) or on a personal website. The publication number is not included. Place of publication or archive name, access address (URL) is added.

Behrens, B. (2020). Linguistic markers of maternal focus within emotional conversations: The role of depressive symptoms and maltreatment [Master’s thesis, University of Notre Dame]. CurateND. https://curate.nd.edu/show/9k41zc80w8w

Miller, T. (2019). Enhancing readiness: An exploration of the New Zealand Qualified Firefighter Programme [Master’s thesis, Auckland University of Technology]. Tuwhera. https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/handle/10292/12338

Azizoğlu, R. O. (2011). Kültürün örgütsel iletişim üzerine etkisi: İki farklı ülkede faaliyet gösteren iki işletme arasında karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma [Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi]. Ankara Üniversitesi Akademik Arşiv Sistemi. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12575/29956

Demirel, H. (2017). Farklı turunçgillerden elde edilen albedoların bisküvi üretiminde kullanım imkanları [Doktora Tezi, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi]. DSpace@Erbakan. https://acikerisim.erbakan.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12452/3602

Zambrano-Vazquez, L. (2016). The interaction of state and trait worry on response monitoring in those with worry and obsessive-compulsive symptoms [Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona]. UA Campus Repository. https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/620615

If the source is a website

The first letter of the surnames and names of the authors (if there is no author name, the name of the website or source) is written. Then, the year, the name of the study (italics), the name of the internet (web site), the access address (URL) are specified respectively. The same order is followed in web documents such as pdf and Word. When the author and the website are the same, the name of the website is not written.

Examples:

Monaghan, E. (2019, December 10). 5 reasons modern slavery at sea is still possible in 2019. Greenpeace. https://www.greenpeace.org/new-zealand/story/5-reasons-modern-slavery-at-sea-is-still-possible-in-2019/

Sparks, D. (2019, November 21). Women’s wellness: Lifestyle strategies ease some bladder control problems. Mayo Clinic. https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/womens-wellness-lifestyle-strategies-ease-some-bladder-control-problems/

National Institute of Mental Health. (2023, April). Anxiety disorders. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml

World Health Organization. (2020, July 29). Brucellosis. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/brucellosis

Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. (2017). Ramazan ayında sağlıklı beslenme önerileri. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/beslenmehareket-haberler/ramazan-ayinda-saglikli-beslenme-onerileri.html

New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority. (2014, May 28). Important changes to the definition of medicines and medical devices effective 1 July 2014. Ministry of Health. https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/Medicines/policy-statements/definition-of-med.asp

In the case of web pages where the content of the page is likely to change over time and frequently updated, the citation date should be added according to the following format.

https:// ……………………….. Received from (URL) on…. ” is added.

(Retrieved ……………., from https://……….).

Türk Psikologlar Derneği (2019, 26 Kasım). Mesleki mevzuat. https://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/kurumsal/meslekimevzuat-x654/ adresinden 2 Eylül 2020 tarihinde alınmıştır.

World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus. https://www.who.int/healthtopics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1 adresinden 2 Eylül 2020 tarihinde alınmıştır.

U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://www.census.gov/popclock/

Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain. OER Commons. Retrieved January 7, 2020, from https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view

In sources without an author (person or institution), the title of the article is written in the author section.

Whales likely impacted by Great Pacific garbage patch. (2019, April 10). The Ocean Cleanup. https://www.theoceancleanup.com/updates/whales-likely-impacted-by-great-pacific-garbage-patch/

If no date is specified on the web page, it is considered undated.

Scribbr. (n.d.). Academic proofreading & editing service. https://www.scribbr.com/proofreading-editing/

If the source is an article published in a newspaper, magazine (magazine), etc.

Author (surname and initial letter of the name), year and month (in parentheses), title of the article (only the first letter is uppercase), name of the newspaper/magazine (in italics), volume number (in italics) if any, page number (without inserts such as “s.”). When citing online news articles, a link should be provided after the name of the journal. If the author is not clear, the title of the article is written instead of the author.

Examples:

Harlan, C. (2013, 2 Nisan). North Korea vows to restart shuttered nuclearreactor that can make bomb grade plutonium. The Washington Post, A1, A4.

McIlroy, T. (2021, March 24). Medical device research gets big funding jab. The Australian Financial Review, 8.

Krystal, B. (2023, 9 Mart). A soda bread with currants and caraway pairs with tea and savory foods. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/food/2023/03/08/irish-soda-bread-recipe-american/

Johanson, S. (2019, November 13). World’s most sustainable shopping centre takes roots. The Sydney Morning Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/world-s-most-sustainable-shopping-centre-takes-root-in-the-suburbs-20191112-p539rf.html

Bilger, B. (2019, 25 Kasım). Can babies learn to love vegetables? The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/11/25/can-babies-learn-to-love-vegetables

Eaqub, S. (2019, October/September). Generation rent revisited. Metro, (425), 64–77.

Henry, W. A. (1990, 9 Nisan). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.

Stobbe, M. (2020, January 8). Cancer death rate in U.S. sees largest one-year drop ever. Chicago Tribune.

Mogelson, L. (2021, January 25). The storm. The New Yorker, 5–12.

Free exchange: Regression to the memes. (2021, February 27). The Economist, 438(9234), 69.

Other

Official documents such as laws, regulations, etc. published in the Official Gazette: Title, date (Year, day, month), Official Gazette (Number: xxx) and internet address are written respectively.

Regulation on Graduate Education and Training.(2016, April 20). (Year, day, month), (Sayı: 29690). http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/04/20160420-16.htm

The book format is used to write the source of the figures and charts cited in the article in the reference list. The surname of the author, the first letter of his/her name, the year, the title of the figure or chart, the type (in square brackets; figure or chart), the name of the source, are written in the order of the publisher.

Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P. (2004). Internal processes deliver value over different time horizons [Figure]. In Strategy maps: Converting intangible assets into tangible outcomes (p. 48). Harvard Business School.

Making a Reference Within a Text

Every work cited must be included in the bibliography and every work in the bibliography must be cited in the text (or in a chart, figure, or appendix).

In-text quotation can be done in two different ways: parenthesis quotation or narrative quotation. In the excerpts in parentheses, the name of the author and the date of publication are included in parentheses. Example: …has been reported (Barham, 2018). In narrative quotations, the author's name is included in the text as part of the sentence and the year is written in parentheses.

Sample

By Barham (2018) …

According to Barham (2018) ……

Very rarely, the author's surname and date information can both be used without brackets and as part of the text. Example: Soysal's study on the subject in 2008 can be shown as an example.

If there is a general reference in the text and a reference is made to the whole text (surname of the author, year), it is sufficient to write. If a reference is to be made to a particular part, page, or a particular shape, chart, or equation in a resource, the number of that page (with a hyphen in the following pages and a comma for different pages) is indicated in the reference.

Examples:

… (Soysal, 2018, p. 42).

…. (Soysal, 2018, pp. 42-48).

…… (Soysal, 2018, p. 42,44).

......... From Soysal (2018) (p. 42).

Since e-books, etc., sometimes do not contain page numbers, paragraph numbers can be used instead of line numbers when citing in the text.

Sample

……………….. (Burns, 2018, para. 15).

If a source with two authors is specified in the text, the surnames of both authors are also specified each time. In Turkish texts, ‘and‘ are used between the surnames of the authors. In English texts, the names of the authors with two authors are "&" in parentheses and "and" in narrative quotations.

Sample

Vollrath ve Torgersen (2022) …….

.…….(Vollrath ve Torgersen, 2022).

Vollrath and Torgersen (2022) …..

…….. (Vollrath & Torgersen, 2022).

For a source with three or more authors, the surname of the first author in all references from the first citation and "et al.", which means "and others". (In English texts, the abbreviation "et al.") should be added.

Sample

Soysal et al. (2018)...;

…. (Sosyal et al., 2018).

In the case of two authors with the same surname, the initials of their names are added before the surname. The author's name is also written in the narrative excerpts.

Sample

…. (A. Smith, 2020).

…… (B. Smith, 2019).

.... by Alexandra Smith (2020)

…… By Brian Smith (2019) ……

If there are two different authors with the same surnames and first letters of their names, the reference should be made to the names and surnames of the authors.

Example: (Gözde Soysal, 1996), … (Güleda Soysal, 2010). In this case, the names of the authors should be given in square brackets in the bibliography. Example: Soysal, G. [Gözde]. (1996). ...; Soysal, G. [Güleda]. (2010). …)

If different works of the same author will be given in the same parenthesis, the year order is followed from past to present and the author's surname is written once at the beginning of the submission.

Example: (Soysal, 2000, 2004).

Publications by the same author (s) in the same year, each should be marked in lowercase letters, starting with the letter “a”. Examples: … (Barham, 2009a; Barham, 2009b).

If a certain work is referred to in a paragraph and it is necessary to mention this work again in the same paragraph, it is sufficient to give the author's surname, there is no need to add the date information. However, this rule does not apply to citations where both the author's name information and the year information are in parentheses.

In case of reference to multiple sources (in parentheses), first alphabetical then chronological order should be made and a semicolon should be placed between them. Examples: …have been reported (Barham, 2005; Barham, 2006; Brownell & Horgen, 2009; Doyle et al., 2015; Nielsen & Engberg, 2006).

Information based on personal interviews, whether by telephone, face-to-face or otherwise, is shown in the text but not written in the bibliography.

For example:

Aslı Baysal said .............. (personal interview, May 22, 2021).

Aslı BAYSAL (personal interview, May 22, 2021) said……………………….

…………………………………………. (Aslı Baysal, personal interview, 22 May 2021).

If possible, the first source (original) should be found, read and directly quoted instead of quoting a secondary source. Secondary sources can only be used in exceptional cases, such as when the original (primary) source is unprinted, cannot be accessed from known sources, and its original language is not Turkish or English. The secondary source is included in the source list with all the tag information, it does not receive the primary source. The secondary source is indicated as "as cited in" in English texts. If the year of the primary source is unknown, it should be subtracted from the in-text citation.

Examples:

….… (Goffman, 1962, cited by Ress, 2019).

In Goffman's study conducted in 1962 (cited in Ress, 2019) …………

Allport's diary (as cited by Nicholson, 2020)

Seidenberg and McClelland’s study, conducted in 1990 (as cited in Coltheart, 2022), shows that …

… as some studies show (Seidenberg & McClelland, 1990, as cited in Coltheart, 2022).

Graeber (2019, as cited in Churcher & Talbot, 2020, p. 31) argued that the employee is ‘obliged to pretend that this is not the case’ as part of their ‘conditions of employment’

If a group/legal entity (such as associations, companies, government agencies and other working groups) is expressed as the author, the name information of this group should be given clearly each time without abbreviation in the reference in the text. If the group name is long, the abbreviation is clear to everyone, or if there is already a known abbreviation for the name, both the explicit and the abbreviation are used in the first use, and only the abbreviation can be used in the following uses. If the name is short or the abbreviation seems difficult to understand, it should be written without abbreviating every time it is mentioned.

Sample

If the submission is made at the end of the sentence;

First submission: ……… (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [TUBITAK], 2023).

Second and subsequent references:

…… (TUBITAK, 2023)

First time: (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2009)

Subsequent citations: (AIHW, 2009)

If the submission is made in a sentence (narrative);

First submission: ….….. by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, 2023)

Second and subsequent references: …….. by TÜBİTAK (2023)

If a website is mentioned in general, it is not included in the reference list; the name of the Website and the access address (URL) in parentheses are written in the relevant place in the text.

Example: This survey was created using SurveyMonkey (https://www.surveymonkey.com).

The title of the source (abbreviated as much as possible) should be written in quotation marks while citing sources without authors or whose authors are unknown in the text.

Sample

…. (“Whales likely”, 2019).

“Whales likely” (2019) ………

Tarih bilgisine ulaşılamayan kaynaklar için tarih kısmına Türkçe çalışmalarda (t.y.), İngilizce çalışmalarda ise (n.d.) kısaltması yazılmalıdır

Sample

..…… (Scribbr, t.y.) or Scribbr (t.y.) ……..

..…… (Scribbr, n.d.) or Scribbr (n.d.) ……..

Paraphrasing is rephrasing someone else's ideas using our own words. It is an effective method when information from one or more sources can be synthesized, summarized, or compared. Therefore, interpretation is often used instead of direct quotation. The source quoted while interpreting can be given in parentheses or narrative. Quoting is taking a portion of our previous work from another source. Interpretation is generally recommended to better integrate into the text, but it can be used in situations where the same words need to be used, such as description or catchy sentences. When quoting directly, it is enclosed in quotation marks and the page number is also specified in the in-text quotation. If the quoted section exceeds 40 words, the block should be written as a quote. Double quotes should not be used in the block quote, a tab (1.27 cm) should be quoted with an additional indent.

Example

Because, "Since the amount of lignin in the cell wall is too high, active substances are difficult to extract in such cells" (Yılmaz et al., 2022, p. 327).

The opinion reported by Kalaycı (2022) on the subject is as follows:

Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites found in phytonutrients. By combating oxidative stress, which is usually derived from free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and prooxidants, they act as antioxidants to protect them from oxidation. The antioxidant properties of natural phenolic compounds in our diet are linked to their versatile function in promoting human health. Grains and legumes are the first two phytonutrients that provide the largest source of calories and protein to the human diet. Recent intervention research on humans and animals shows that grain and legume crops contain biologically active, but relatively low amounts of phenolic compounds, and that phenolic compounds are associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease (p. 2).

For classical works whose publication year is not exactly known, the year of the translation year or the year of the version used together with the abbreviation is given in the publication year section. If the original date of the classical work is known, it is also used in reference. (Aristotle, trans. 1931) (Balzac, 1836, trans. 1941)

Appendix

The tables and figures should be given as separate pages at the end of the text, and the places where the tables and figures will enter should be clearly stated in the articles to be sent to the editorial board.

Table: It should be numbered according to the order of use, expressed in short titles, and should be cited in the text by giving the table number (eg Table 1). Writings in the tables should never be less than 9 points. Vertical lines should be avoided in the tables.

Image: Photographs, graphics, maps, charts and drawings used in the text should be used in the text with the name of the figure. Figures should be numbered in order of use and should be expressed in short titles, and should be cited in the text by giving the figure number (eg Figure 1). The pictures must be printed on glossy paper, and the figure numbers and names must be written on the back of them. All figures in the works to be sent by e-mail should be scanned at least 600 dpi resolution and recorded as TIFF or JPG.

Table titles should be at the top of the table, figure titles should be under the figures. Titles should be written with a space after the table or figure number, and the initials should be capitalized and others should be small. Abbreviations and necessary explanations used in the table and figure should be given under the table and figure.

Tables and figures quoted from another source (not produced from the study) should be cited at the end of the table and figure heading.